Turkey
Legislation
- Mining Law 1985 (as amended)
- Mining Regulations 2017
- Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment 2014 (as amended)
Regulatory Risk Rating
Regulatory Risk
Regulatory Corruption Risk
Regulatory Corruption Risk
Corruption Exposure Risk
Corruption Exposure Risk
| Regulatory Risk Rating Factors | Risk Level |
|---|---|
| First Come / First Serve | Subscribe |
| Application Criteria | Subscribe |
| Duration | Subscribe |
| Right to Renew | Subscribe |
| Competing Licences | Subscribe |
| Mineral Coverage | Subscribe |
| Right to Mine | Subscribe |
| Criteria for Mining Rights | Subscribe |
| Tenure | Subscribe |
| Surface Rights | Subscribe |
| Government Take | Subscribe |
| Transfer Rights | Subscribe |
| Change of Control | Subscribe |
| EIA Process | Subscribe |
| Power to Revoke | Subscribe |
| Age of Legislation | Subscribe |
| Other Factors | Subscribe |
Amongst the chaos of the Middle Eastern mining regimes, Turkey’s legal framework stands out as a refreshing example of decent quality – something of an oasis of relative certainty in a desert of discretion. Whilst amendments have been efficiently and consistently conducted, in recent years they have also introduced a slow creep of additional risk which has infiltrated the legal framework and made the State’s action less predictable and certainly more powerful. Still, the law was cast on solid grounds and it remains a regime generally seen as supportive of the numbers of explorers looking for new discoveries in Turkey.
Contents
Legislation
- Mining Law 1985 (as amended)
- Mining Regulations 2017
- Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment 2014 (as amended)
Regulatory Risk Rating
Regulatory Risk
Regulatory Corruption Risk
Regulatory Corruption Risk
Corruption Exposure Risk
Corruption Exposure Risk
Overview
Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, the modern-day Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923 following the Turkish War of Independence. The country switched from a parliamentary representative democracy to a presidential system following the outcome of a referendum in 2017. Turkey has a chequered history of coup d’états, with a failed coup as recently as 2016. Turkey has one of the largest economies in the Middle East and is generally amongst the top 20 economies in the world. The country has considerable mineral resource wealth and potential, with, according to USGS, over 75 globally traded mineral commodities having been identified in the territory. Turkey is currently a world leader in the production of boron, perlite, pumice and pumicite and a European leader in the production of steel, gold and cement. It is also amongst the top feldspar, magnesium, chromium and bentonite producers. Silver, coal and marble are also widely produced. It is believed that more than 30% of the prospective mining areas of the country have not yet been explored and the geological make-up of the country provides much promise for explorers. Canadian companies are very active in Turkey’s sector as are US and European companies, though to a lesser extent. There are challenges to overcome, including political unrest, a mountainous terrain and the impact of wars in neighbouring countries, but the rewards may be considerable.
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