The Victoria mining regime was revised in 2012 to extend its two main licencing options to four (including a retention licence); the amendments of 2012 were improvements over the wide-ranging discretion of the Minister that was embedded in the legislation before such amendments, but the legislation remains insufficient to provide a solid foundation for the miner to develop projects with confidence; the result is a poor rating by Hutte. The retention of ground staking as a means of securing title in addition to map staking, as in the case of Western Australia, leaves much to be desired as a model for modern international mining standards.